Rohingya
Rohingya are an indigenous people of Burma: OIC Sec-Gen
Secretary-general of the Organisation for Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Prof. Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu. (PHOTO: OIC)
The secretary-general of the Organisation for Islamic
Cooperation (OIC), Prof. Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu, spoke with DVB about his
recent trip to Burma where he pledged OIC assistance to all communities
in Arakan state – Buddhist and Muslim alike. We asked him about Rohingya
rights, Rule of Law, and the path to a peaceful future.
Q: Several figures in Burma/ Myanmar have expressed opinions
that the major reason for sectarian violence or anti-Muslim riots in the
country is a fundamental lack of rule of law. To what extent do you
believe law enforcement (or a lack thereof) is to blame? And, is this
the major reason for the violence? If not, what is?
A: From 13-17 November 2013, a seven-member OIC
Ministerial Contact Group Delegation visited Myanmar at the invitation
of the President to assess the situation on the ground and
toured camps
for Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). The Delegation held discussions
with government officials, members of civil society organizations and
political parties, which enabled the OIC to obtain a better appreciation
of the local conditions and causes of the communal tensions on the
ground.
While Myanmar is making tremendous steps towards democracy there is
still a need to strengthen institutions and maintain enforcement of the
rule of law, particularly in Rakhine [Arakan] state. However, the
inter-communal tensions that erupted stem largely from fundamental
misunderstandings and misconceptions amongst different communities about
each other.
There is fear, suspicion and mistrust driven by false
propaganda against Islam and Muslims on social media and by some
extremists. The Government recognizes that this lack of trust that
pervades the community makes reconciliation and harmonious living
difficult and the OIC has made itself available to play a role, if
requested, in this regard.

A
group of young Rohingya girls fill their jars with water from one of
the few water pumps available to the IDPs living in Rabba Garden IDP
camp. (PHOTO: Marta Tucci)
Q: Several politicians in Burma, including President Thein
Sein, have openly suggested that a solution to this ongoing problem of
religious violence is to request Muslim nations and third countries to
accept the Rohingyas as refugees. Is this proposal open to debate? Under
what circumstances? If not, why not?
A: The Rohingya people have been in Arakan state for
centuries and this is a matter of historical record. The Muslim
political influence can be traced back to 1784, when the Burmese King
Bodawpaya conquered Arakan.
As for the Rohingya refugees who have been pushed out of their
territory,
there are around 2.5 million refugees spread around the
world, particularly in Bangladesh, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, UAE [United
Arab Emirates], Thailand and Malaysia. The OIC acknowledges that much
more reforms are needed to solve human rights and citizenship issues and
to ensure the safe return of Rohingya refugees to their ancestral land.
The Rohingya are not an alien people to the land of Arakan. There is
currently a process of verification underway by the Government for those
living in IDP camps and the OIC hopes that this process can be
completed soon so that the government can proceed to rectify the status
of those who have a right to citizenship.
Q: Much of the rhetoric coming from the anti-Muslim or
anti-Rohingya voices in Burma focuses on the notion that in the 1830s,
135 ethnic groups were identified and recognised in Burma. Do these
voices have a valid point? To what degree is Burma bound by
international norms to accept an influx of people such as the Rohingya?
A: During our visit to Myanmar, we did encounter
protesters who were influenced by such anti-Muslim rhetoric propagated
by a small minority of extremists. However, this is fuelled by a great
deal of misunderstanding about Islam and fear of cultural differences,
which are driving the tensions.
In fact, the Rohingya are an indigenous
people of the land and should be accorded their legal rights.
In
previous years Rohingyas living within the borders of Myanmar faced
severe human rights violations by the military junta such as revoking of
their citizenship, refusal to reinstate, restriction of travel, denial
of marriage and education, confiscation of lands, forced cheap labour,
as well as rape and extortion. Under the leadership of the President and
a democratic and pluralistic government we would like to see
prosperity, development and social harmony be achieved in Rakhine state
for the benefit of all people there and in Myanmar more generally.
Q: What is your opinion on whether the 1982 Citizenship Law
should be amended to accommodate the Rohingya community and other
groups?
A: From the earliest days of the modern Burmese
state, the Rohingya enjoyed recognition of their language, their
culture, and their right to citizenship, which was stripped from them by
the arbitrary and discriminatory nature of the 1982 Citizenship Law.
The discriminatory provisions of this law have been used to deny
citizenship to most Rohingya Muslims and other minority groups, and
should be amended. The Law recognises not one, but three categories of
citizens: citizens, associate citizens and naturalised citizens. The
latter two categories of associate or naturalised citizens can lose
their citizenship for very minor reasons.
It should be noted also that
just two weeks ago the Human Rights Committee of the UN General Assembly
passed a resolution urging Myanmar to give the stateless Rohingya
minority equal access to citizenship and to crack down on violence
against them and other Muslims in the Southeast Asian nation.
Q: During your last visit to Burma, the OIC pledged to help
both or all communities in Arakan state. How do you envisage OIC’s role
in providing humanitarian aid and to a larger degree, helping to
establish peace in the region?
A: At the conclusion of the visit a joint communiqué
was issued which expressed the common understanding of the way forward
for OIC-Myanmar relations. The joint communiqué outlined the framework
of cooperation;
it was agreed that coordination of activities would take
place through OIC ASEAN member states (Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei)
specifically for the delivery of humanitarian aid. In addition, the need
for interfaith dialogue, reconciliation and building mutual trust was
identified and efforts are underway to develop programs that will bring
peace, stability, and economic prosperity for the benefit of all
communities in Rakhine state.
Credit:DVB